Role of Environmental Disruptors On One’s Fertility Health

With regard to reproductive health, there are many ongoing concerns one needs to be aware of and environmental factors are gaining recognition as one of the factors to be included in the cautionary list. In India, many couples are grappling with infertility, with statistics showing that 1 out of every 6 couples unable to conceive after one year of trying. Today, environmental factors play a significant role in one’s fertility journey, affecting their reproductive health directly or indirectly.

Environmental factors contain a myriad of chemicals, both natural and synthetic, known as endocrine disruptors. These substances mimic the body’s natural hormones, altering their production, transportation, and function.

How do Environmental disruptors affect fertility?

Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are found in everyday life such as food packaging, personal care items like makeup, food additives, and more. Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) impair the female reproductive system leading to issues such as miscarriages, endometriosis, and diminished egg quality and quantity. According to recent research from Scandinavia, a correlation between persistent pollutant levels in tissues and a woman’s ovarian reserve was revealed, highlighting the impact of EDCs on female fertility. Moreover, several studies indicate male exposure to EDCs can affect normal testicular structure and function. Bisphenol A (BPA) has been linked to reduced sperm quality, likely due to its estrogenic and anti-androgenic properties. At the same time, exposure to phthalates is associated with conditions such as hypospadias, cryptorchidism, and the onset of testicular cancer.

These substances pose threats to reproductive health encountered through biological, physical, and toxic sources. Some of the key ones include:

1. Air PollutionDespite receiving substantial attention for its health implications, the effects of air pollution on fertility are lesser-known. Studies have linked higher levels of air pollution to male fertility issues such as abnormal sperm morphology, decreased motility, and DNA fragmentation. Women exposed to air pollution may experience adverse reproductive outcomes including preterm delivery, miscarriage, stillbirth, etc.
2. PesticidesThe widespread use of pesticides in agricultural areas, particularly in India, raises concerns about their impact on fertility. Research suggests that pesticides can lead to sperm abnormalities, reduced fertility, poor egg quality, ovulation problems, etc.
3. ChemicalsEveryday products like cosmetics and cleaning agents contain chemicals such as phthalates and parabens, which have been associated with reproductive health issues. Parabens, for example, can disrupt hormone activity by mimicking estrogen, affecting reproductive system and fertility rates in both males and females.
4. MetalsHeavy metals like lead, mercury, and cadmium, commonly found in various products, pose risks to reproductive health. Lead exposure, prevalent in batteries, paints, and pipes, may impact sperm quality in men and lead to irregular menstruation, preterm delivery, miscarriage, stillbirth in women.Additionally, mercury, a common element in thermometers, batteries, and industrial emissions, poses significant risks to reproductive health. It is another possible source of occupational exposure and increased exposure to this metal contributes to infertility.

Precautionary Approaches to Environmental Impact

In today’s increasingly polluted and high risk environment, it is important to actively adopt healthy lifestyle habits and decrease exposure to harmful chemicals concealed in everyday products. It is essential for individuals to prioritize consuming organic foods and steer clear of processed options. Avoiding products like pots and pans with Teflon or similar coatings is crucial. Opt for reusable bottles made of stainless steel or glass instead of drinking water stored in plastic cups or bottles. Refrain from microwaving food in plastic containers. When selecting personal care products, go for unscented or natural alternatives.