Lung Cancer Awareness Month: When and Who Should Consider Lung Cancer Screening?

Lung cancer, a formidable health concern, underscores the importance of timely screening for early detection. Lung cancer screening is crucial for individuals at higher risk due to age and smoking history. Recommended for those aged 50-80 who have a smoking history of at least 20 pack-years and are current smokers or have quit within the last 15 years. “Early detection through screening aids in prompt intervention, improving treatment outcomes. It’s a proactive step towards identifying lung cancer in its early, more treatable stages, potentially saving lives,” says Dr Prashant Karajgi, MBBS, DMRE, PGDGM.

Dr Karajgi shares who should consider screening:

1. Smokers and Former Smokers: At the time of lung cancer diagnosis in India, 73%-93% of men and 23%-50% of women were smokers. Smoking contributed to approximately 59% of lung cancer deaths in men and 15% in women. The risk escalates with prolonged and heavier smoking, measured in pack years. Those with over 20 pack years or who have quit smoking within the past 15 years remain at high risk.
2. History of Lung Cancer: Individuals treated for lung cancer more than five years ago may consider screening to prevent a recurrence. A family history of lung cancer increases the risk, especially when combined with factors like smoking. With two or more first-degree relatives (siblings, parents, or children) who had lung cancer, the risk becomes even greater.
3. Chronic Respiratory Problems: People with conditions like COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) face an increased risk due to lung inflammation and damage.
4. Age: The risk of developing lung cancer increases with age, peaking between 50 and 80 years old. The research by a leading hospital in the National Capital Region has found that lung cancer developed in Indians about a decade earlier than their Western counterparts.
5. Overall Health: Overall health plays a crucial role in determining screening suitability. Individuals with serious health conditions that complicate surgery may not be suitable candidates. Those in generally good health, and able to tolerate screening risks, should discuss it with their doctor.
6. High Air Pollution and Other Hazards: Air pollution has emerged as a significant risk factor for lung cancer beyond tobacco use. Chronic exposure to particulate matter and other pollutants can damage lung cells, increasing the threat of cancerous mutations. Other substances like Radon, asbestos, and diesel exhaust in certain workplaces also heighten the risk, especially for smokers.

Screening is imperative before symptoms manifest. Individuals experiencing symptoms like a persistent cough, blood in cough, or unexplained weight loss should consult their doctor immediately. Screening is not for symptomatic individuals. Early detection through screening is pivotal in the fight against lung cancer, emphasizing the importance of proactive healthcare measures.