HPV is a sexually transmitted virus that causes anogenital and oropharyngeal disease in both males and females. HPV vaccination benefits the male recipients by safely protecting against cancers that can result from persistent HPV infection. HPV types 16 and 18 cause nearly 90 percent of anal cancers and substantial proportion of oropharyngeal and penile cancers.
Vaccination also protects against anogenital warts which are caused by HPV types 6 and 11.
The overall burden of cancers and precancers is less in males compared to females but additional population benefits from herd immunity.
There are bivalent , quadrivalent and 9-valentine vaccines available:
- Quadrivalent vaccine ( Gardasil) targets HPV types 6,11,16 and 18.
- HPV 9-valent vaccine ( Gardasil 9) targets HPV types 6,11,16,18,31,33,45,52,58
- HPV bivalent vaccine(Cervarix) targets HPV types 16 and 18.
The greater HPV-type coverage is provided by the 9-valent compared to human papillomavirus quadrivalent and bivalent vaccines.
Although it is not clear that greater HPV-type coverage by the 9-valent would substantially improve male cancer prevention, it would likely further reduce the risk of cervical cancer in females indirectly through the herd immunity.
The recommended dosing schedule depends on the age of the patient at vaccine initiation .for individuals between 9-14 years, two doses of HPV vaccine should be given at 0 and at 6 to 12 months.
For individuals with 15 years and older, three doses of HPV vaccine should be given at 0, 2 and 6 months.
For immuno compromised patients, three doses of HPV vaccine should be given at 0, 1 to 2, and 6 months regardless of age.
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